Homepage for Steve Rees

Steve Rees (sr@hst.aau.dk)

LEKTOR (Associate Professor) at:

Center for Model-based Medical Decision Support

Institute for Health Science and Technology at Aalborg University , Denmark.

Research Projects: The Intelligent Ventilator (INVENT) project

In this project mathematical models of oxygen transport, carbon dioxide transport and lung dynamics
have been used in the construction of the following 3 systems

    1) The Automatic Lung Parameter Estimator (ALPE)
            - This system estimates parameters of pulmonary gas exchange from non-invasive clinical measurements,
               in a procedure taking only 10-15 minutes.

    2) The Intelligent Ventilator (INVENT) system
            - This system uses the physiological models combined with utility functions in a system estimating the
              most appropriate settings for the ventilator for mechanically ventilated patients.

    3) Clinical interpretation of acid-base chemistry
            - This includes a system for calculating arterial acid-base status from measurements in the venous blood.

Professional Activities:

Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing (JCMC)

Chairman of the European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (ESCTAIC),

Board member of the Danish Society for Biomedical Engineering (DMTS).

Member of the Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia (SCATA)

Co-founder and board member of Mermaid Care Aps.

Co-founder and board member of OBI Aps.

Publications list

Full papers and book chapters (total 49)

2011

Allerød C, Karbing DS, Thorgaard P, Andreassen S, Kjærgaard S, Rees SE. Variability of preference toward mechanical ventilator settings: A model-based behavioral analysis. Journal of Critical Care. 2011 Mar 29. [Epub ahead of print]

Oddershede L, Petersen S, Rees SE, Ehlers L. The cost-effectiveness of venous converted acid-base and blood gas status in pulmonary medical departments. ClinicoEconomics and Outcomes Research, 2011:3, 1-7.

Karbing DS, Kjærgaard S, Andreassen S, Espersen K, Rees SE. Minimal model quantification of pulmonary gas exchange in intensive care patients. Med Eng Phys. 2011,33(3):240-8

S Matousek, J Handy, S.E Rees. Acid-base chemistry of plasma: Consolidation of the traditional and modern approaches from a mathematical and clinical perspective. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 2010 Aug 24. [Epub ahead of print]

P Poulsen, D.S Karbing, S.E Rees, S Andreassen. Tidal breathing model describing end-tidal, alveolar, arterial and mixed venous CO2 and O2. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 2011 Feb;101(2):166-72.

2010

S.E Rees, S Kjærgaard, S Andreassen, G. Hedenstierna. Reproduction of inert gas and oxygenation data – a comparison of the MIGET and a simple model of pulmonary gas exchange. Intensive Care Medicine 2010, 36:2117-2124.

Andreassen S, Steimle KL, Mogensen ML, de la Serna JB, Rees S, Karbing DS. The effect of tissue elastic properties and surfactant on alveolar stability. J Appl Physiol. 2010 Nov;109(5):1369-77.

Karbing DS, Allerød C, Thorgaard P, Carius AM, Frilev L, Andreassen S, Kjærgaard S, Rees SE. Prospective evaluation of a decision support system for setting inspired oxygen in intensive care patients. Journal of Critical Care. 2010 25(3):367-74.

S.E Rees, E.Klæstrup, J. Handy, S. Andreassen, S.R. Kristensen .Mathematical modelling of the acid-base chemistry and oxygenation of blood – A mass balance, mass action approach including plasma and red blood cells. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2010 Feb;108(3):483-94.

2009

S.E Rees, A.Hansen, M.Toftegaard, J.Pedersen, S.R Kristiensen, H. Harving. Converting venous acid-base and oxygen status to arterial in patients with lung disease. European Respiratory Journal, 2009 May;33(5):1141-7.

M Toftegaard, S.E Rees, S Andreassen. Evaluation of a method for converting venous values of acid-base and oxygenation status to arterial values. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2009 Apr;26(4):268-72.

Moesgaard J, Kristensen JH, Malczynski J, Holst-Hansen C, Rees S.E, Murley D, Andreassen S, Frokjaer JB, Toft E. Can new pulmonary gas exchange parameters contribute to evaluation of pulmonary congestion in left-sided heart failure? The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 2009 Mar;25(3):149-55.

2008

Karbing DS, Kjærgaard S. Smith BW. Allerød C, Espersen K, Andreassen S. Rees SE. A retrospective evaluation of the INVENT system for advice on inspired oxygen fraction in intensive care patients. Proceedings of the 6th International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) symposium on Modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems, IFAC 2008, 6-11 July 2008, Seoul, South Korea [CD-ROM]. Elsevier, 2008. 8080-8084

Allerød C, Rees SE, Rasmussen BS, Karbing DS, Kjærgaard S, Thorgaard P, Andreassen S.A Decision Support System for suggesting ventilator settings: Retrospective evaluation in cardiac surgery patients ventilated in the ICU.Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 92, nr. 2, s. 205-212

Starfinger C, Chase, JG, C, Hann, CE, Shaw, GM, Lambert, P, Smith, BW, Sloth, E, Larsson, A, Andreassen, S and Rees, S. Model-based identification of PEEP titrations during different volemic levels, Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 2008 Aug;91(2):135-44.

Starfinger C, Chase, JG, C, Hann, CE, Shaw, GM, Lambert, P, Smith, BW, Sloth, E, Larsson, A, Andreassen, S and Rees, S. Prediction of hemodynamic changes towards PEEP titrations at different volemic levels using a minimal cardiovascular model," , Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 2008 Aug;91(2):128-34..

M Toftegaard, SE Rees, S Andreassen. Correlation between acid-base parameters measured in arterial blood and venous blood sampled peripherally, from vena cavae superior, and from the pulmonary artery. European Journal of Emergency Mededicine. 2008 Apr;15(2):86-91.

2007

D S Karbing, S Kjaergaard, BW Smith, K Espersen, C Allerod, S Andreassen, SE Rees. Variation in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio with FiO2: Mathematical and experimental description, and clinical relevance. Critical Care. 2007;11(6):R118.

BW Smith, SE Rees, D Karbing, S Kjærgaard, S Andreassen. Quantitative assesment of pulmonary shunt and ventilation-perfusion mismatch without a blood sample. Engineering in Medicine and Biology conference 2007, Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2007;2007:4255-8.

B S. Rasmussen, H Laugesen, J Sollid, J Grønlund, SE Rees, E Toft, J Gjedsted, C Dethlefsen, E Tønnesen. Oxygenation and release of inflammatory mediators after off-pump compared to after on-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavia, 2007, 51(9):1202-10.

BW Smith, S Andreassen, GM Shaw, PL Jensen, SE Rees, JG Chase. Simulation of cardiovascular system diseases by including the autonomic nervous system into a minimal model. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine. 2007, 86(2):153-160.

Y Zhao,S E Rees, S Kjærgaard, B W Smith, A Larsson, and S Andreassen. An automated method for measuring static pressure-volume curves of the respiratory system and its application in healthy lungs and after lung damage by oleic acid infusion. Physiological Measurement 2007, 28:235-247.

2006

S.E. Rees, C. Allerød, D. Murley, Y. Zhao, B.W. Smith, S. Kjærgaard, P. Thorgaard, S.Andreassen. Using physiological models and decision theory for selecting appropriate ventilator settings. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 2006; Dec;20(6):421-429.

S.E. Rees, S. Kjærgaard, S. Andreassen, G. Hedenstierna. Reproduction of MIGET retention and excretion data using a simple model of gas exchange in lung damage caused by oleic acid infusion. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2006 Sep;101(3):826-32.

S. Rees. (Editor) European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (ESCTAIC) : Aalborg (Denmark), September 7-10, 2005. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 2006 Apr; 20(2):117-44.

B.W. Smith, S Andreassen, G.M. Shaw, S.E. Rees and J.G Chase. Cardiovascular system modelling of heart-lung interaction during mechanical ventilation. The 6th IFAC Symposium on Modeling and Control in Biomedical Systems, in press.

S.E. Rees, M. Toftegaard, S. Andreassen. A method for calculation of arterial acid-base and blood gas status from measurements in the peripheral venous blood.Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 2006 Jan;81(1):18-25.

B.S. Rasmussen, J. Sollid, S.E. Rees, S. Kjærgaard, D. Murley, E. Toft. Oxygenation within the first 120 h following coronary artery bypass grafting. Influence of systemic hypothermia (32 degrees C) or normothermia (36 degrees C) during the cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomized clinical trial. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavia. 2006 Jan;50(1):64-71.

2005

Smith BW, Rees S, Tvorup J, Christensen CG, Andreassen S. Modelling the influence of the pulmonary pressure-volume curve on gas exchange. 27 annual International conference of the IEEE engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, September 1-4, 2005, Shanghai, China. P. 176. 2005. New Jersey, IEEE. Conference Proceeding.

Zhao YC, Rees SE, Kjærgaard S, Andreassen S. Simulation of pulmonary pathophysiology during spontaneous ventilation.27th Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS), September 1-4, 2005 Shanghai, China. P. 383. 2005. New Jersey, IEEE. Conference Proceeding.

Murley D, Rees S, Rasmussen B, Andreassen S. Decision support of inspired oxygen fraction based on Bayesian learning of pulmonary gas exchange parameters. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. 2005 May; 34(1):53-63.

S E Rees, S Andreassen. Mathematical models of oxygen and carbon dioxide storage and transport: The acid-base chemistry of blood. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2005; 33(3):209-64.

S Andreassen, S E Rees. Mathematical models of oxygen and carbon dioxide storage and transport: Interstitial fluid and tissue stores and whole body transport. Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2005; 33(3): 265-98.

2004

Kjærgaard S, Rees, S.E., Grønlund, J., S., Malte EM, Lambert P, Thorgaard, Toft E, Andreassen S. Hypoxaemia after cardiac surgery: Clinical application of a model of pulmonary gas exchange. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2004 Apr;21(4):296-301.

2003

Rees SE, Malczynski J, Korup E, Kjærgaard S, Thorgaard P, Andersen S, Toft E. Assessing pulmonary congestion in left sided heart failure using pulmonary gas exchange parameters. 25th Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS), 2003, pp 435-438. ISBN 0-7803-7790-7.

Murley D, Rees SE, Rasmussen B, Andreassen S. Bayesian learning of the gas exchange properties of the lung for prediction of arterial oxygen saturation. In M Dojat, E.Keravnou, P Barahona. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 9th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe, AIME, 2003. Springer, pp 264-273.

Kjærgaard S, Rees S, Malczynski J, Nielsen JA, Thorgaard P, Toft E, Andreassen S. Non-invasive estimation of shunt and ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Intensive Care Medicine 2003 May;29(5):727-34.

2002

Rees SE, Kjærgaard S, Thorgaard P, Malczynski J, Toft E, Andreassen S. The Automatic Lung Parameter Estimator (ALPE) system: Non-invasive estimation of pulmonary gas exchange parameters in 10-15 minutes. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 2002, Vol 17, No.1, pp 43-52.

2001

Rees SE, Allerød C, Kjærgaard S, Toft E, Thorgaard P, Andreassen S. Diagnosing patient state in intensive care patients using the Intelligent Ventilator (INVENT) system. In S. Quaglini, P.Barahona, S.Andreassen. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 8th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine in Europe, AIME, 2001, Springer, pp 131-135.

Kjærgaard S, Rees S.E, J.A. Nielsen, M Freundlich, P Thorgaard and S Andreassen S. Modelling of hypoxaemia after gynaecological laparotomy. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavia 2001 Mar;45(3):349-356.

Rees SE, Kjærgaard S, Andreassen S. Mathematical Modelling of Pulmonary Gas Exchange. In: Modelling Methodology for Physiology and Medicine. eds. E.R Carson and C.Cobelli, Academic Press, 2001, pp 253-277.

1999/2000

Rees S.E. Artificial Intelligence and Medical Decision-Making: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities. MD Computing, Sept/Oct 1999, Vol 6., No. 5, pp 17-19.

Rees S.E., Andreassen S, Freundlich M, Morgan C, Carson ER, Thorgaard P. Selecting ventilator settings using INVENT, a system including physiological models and penalty functions. AIMDM’99 - Joint conference of European societies of Artificial Intelligance in Medicine and Medical Decision Making. Workshop, Computers in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 20-24th June 1999.

Andreassen S., Rees S.E, Kjærgaard S., Thorgaard P., Winter S.M., and Morgan C.J., Alstrup P., and Toft E. Hypoxemia after coronary bypass surgery modeled by resistance to oxygen diffusion. Critical Care Medicine, 1999, Nov. 27(1): 2445-53.

1998

Russell-Jones, SB Bowes, SE Rees, NC Jackson, AJ Weissberger, R Hovorka, PH Sonksen and AM Umpleby. The effect of growth hormone treatment on post-prandial protein metabolism in growth hormone deficient adults. American Journal of Physiology. 1998 Jun;274(6 Pt 1):E1050-6.

Hovorka, R., Bannister, P., Eckland, D.J.A., Halliday, D., Murley, D.N., Rees, S.E., and Young, M.A. Reproducibility and comparability of insulin sensitivity indices measured by stable-label intravenous glucose tolerance test. Diabetic Med. 15:234-246, 1998.

1997

Rees S.E. , S Andreassen, R Hovorka and E.R. Carson. A dynamic model of carbon dioxide transport in the blood. In: D. Linkens and E.R.Carson (Eds). Proceedings of the 3rd International Federation of Automatic Control (IFAC) symposium on Modelling and Control in Biomedical Systems, Elsevier, December 1997, pp 63-68.

1996

Rees, S.E., S. Andreassen, R. Hovorka , R. Summers and E.R. Carson. Acid-base chemistry of the blood - A general model. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 1996, Vol 51, Nos. 1,2, pp 107-119.

Nanjee M.N., J.R. Crouse, J.M. King, R. Hovorka, S.E. Rees, E.R. Carson, J-J. Morgenthaler, P. Lerch and N.E. Miller. Effects of intravenous infusion of lipid-free apolipoprotein A-I in humans. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, 1996, Vol. 16, pp. 1203-1214.

Patents:
1) Rees SE, Toft ES, Thorgaard P, Kjærgaard SC, Andreassen S. Automatic lung parameter estimator. Patent number(s) AU200022788-A; WO200045702-A1

2) Andreassen S, Rees SE. Method for converting venous blood values to arterial blood values, system for utilising said method and devices for such system.

Abtracts, short papers in conference proceedings and posters.

1) Karbing, DS; Kjærgaard, S; Smith, BW ; Espersen, K ; Andreassen, S; Rees, SE. Variation in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio with FiO2 : is it relevant? / 2008. s. 250-251 Konferencen: Joint SCATA ESCTAIC Scientific Meeting, London, Storbritannien, 21. november 2007 - 23. november 2007. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing. 22. 3. Springer New York LLC.

2) Karbing, D S, Rees, SE. Authors' response to Mohamad F El-Khatib's and Gassan W Jamaleddine's letter: Clinical relevance of the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. / I: Critical Care. 2008 ; vol. 12, nr. 1. 2 s.

3) Karbing, DS; Kjærgaard, S. ; Smith, BW ; Allerød, C; Espersen, K. ; Reiter, N. ; Christensen, M. ; Andreassen, S; Rees, SE. Evaluation of the intelligent ventilator (INVENT) system for optimizing inspired oxygen fraction in intensive care. Konferencen: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) Annual Congress, nr. 20, Berlin, Tyskland, 7. oktober 2007 - 10. oktober 2007. Intensive Care Medicine. 33. Suppl. 2. Springer.

4)Examining the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on gas exchange and lung mechanics. / Karbing, Dan Stieper ; Smith, Bram Wallace ; Kjærgaard, Søren ; Allerød, Charlotte ; Andreassen, Steen ; Rees, Stephen Edward. 2007. Konferencen: European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ESCTAIC, Milano, Italien, 20. september 2006 - 22. september 2006.

5) Modelling the relationship between gas exchange and lung mechanics. / Karbing, Dan Stieper ; Smith, Bram Wallace ; Rees, Stephen Edward ; Andreassen, Steen. 2007. Konferencen: European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, ESCTAIC, Milano, Italien, 20. september 2006 - 22. september 2006. Forskning: Publiceret abstrakt

6) S.Kjærgaard, S.E. Rees. Reproduction of oxygenation data - A comparison of the MIGET and a simple model of pulmonary gas exchange. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 20th Annual Congress. Intensive Care Medicine, 2007, 33(2), S47

7) S. Kjærgaard, D.S. Karbing, K. Espersen, N.Reiter, M.Christensen, B.W. Smith, S.E.Rees. Changes in PEEP and pulmonary gas exchange - Bedside evaluation. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 20th Annual Congress. Intensive Care Medicine, 2007, 33(2), S143

8) D.S. Karbing, S. Kjærgaard, B.W. Smith, C.Allerød, K.Espersen, N.Reiter, M.Christensen, S.andreassen, S.E.Rees. Evaluation of the intelligent ventilator system (INVENT) for optimising inspired oxygen fraction in intensive care. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine 20th Annual Congress. Intensive Care Medicine, 2007, 33(2), S233.

9) D.S. Karbing, B.W. Smith, S.Kjærgaard, S.Andreassen, S.E. Rees. Examining the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on gas exchange and lung mechanics. J. Clin Monit Comput. 2007 21:187-88.

10) D.S. Karbing, B.W. Smith, , S.E. Rees, S.Andreassen. Modelling the relationship between gas exchange and lung mechanics. J. Clin Monit Comput. 2007 Apr; 21:188-89.

11) Y.Zhao, S.E. Rees, S.Kjærgaard, S.Andreassen. Computer controlled estimation of nonlinear respiratory mechanics using clinically avaliable measurements . J. Clin Monit Comput. 2006 Apr; 20(2):121-22.

12) B.W. Smith, S.E. Rees, T.F. Christensen, D.S Karbing, S.andreassen. Getting the most from clinical data through physiological modelling and medical decision support. J. Clin Monit Comput. 2006 Apr; 20(2):128-29.

13) B.S. Rasmussen, S.E. Rees, J. Sollid, L. Knudsen, E. Toft, E. Tønnesen. Oxygen impairment and inflammatory response following cardiopulmonary bypass at 32°C versus 36°C: a randomized clinical trial. Proceedings of the European Association for CardioThoracic Anaesthesiology, Montpellier, France, 1-4 June 2005.

14) S Rees, C. Allerød, D Murley, S Kjærgaard, and S Andreassen. Use of physiological models in selecting ventilator settings. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of The European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (ESCTAIC) 2004. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, Vol. 18:(5-6), p423. 2004

15) Rees SE, Toftegaard M, Andreassen S. Calculation of arterial acid-base status from peripheral venous blood. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of The European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (ESCTAIC) 2003. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, Vol. 18:1, p63. 2004 (Winner of first prize in best paper competition).

16) Moesgaard J, Malczynski J, Rees S, Murley D, Andreassen S, Toft E. Clinical assesment of pulmonary congestion using estimates of gas exchange parameters. European Heart Journal, vol. 24, 2003, p 179.

17) Moesgaard J, Malczynski J, Rees S, Murley D, Andreassen S, Toft E. Pulmonary gas exchange parameters are easily accessed non-non-invasively. XIX Nordic Congress of Cardiology, Odense June 4-6, 2003.

18) Allerod C W, Rees S E, Rasmussen B S, Kjaergaard S, Andreassen S. (2003). Retrospective evaluation of a system for adjustment of ventilator settings. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. 16th annual congress. Amsterdam, The Netherlands, October 2003. Intensive Care Medicine, 29 (1), S168.

19) Kjærgaard, S., Rees, S., Andreassen, S. (2002). Automatized bedside estimation of shunt and ventilation perfusion mismatch. . European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. 15th annual congress. Barcelona, Spain, October 2002. Intensive Care Medicine. 28 (1), S53.

20) Rees SE, T. Boruop, and S. Kjærgaard, E Toft, P Thorgaard. Estimates of functional residual capacity from oxygen washout curves and the effects of positive end expiratory pressure. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of The European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2001. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 2002, Vol 17, No. 1, pp77-78 (Winner of second prize in best paper competition).

21) D Murley, SE Rees, BS Rasmussen and S Andreassen. A Model Based Approach To Supporting Prescription Of Inspired Oxygen Fraction. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of The European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 2001. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 2002, Vol 17, No. 1, p82.

22) Kjærgaard S, Rees SE, Thorgaard P, Andreassen S. Bedside estimation of pulmonary gas exchange parameters in the ICU. Proceedings of 8th World Congress on Intensive and Critical Care Medicine; 134(P147); 2001, Sydney, Australia.

23) S.E. Rees, S Kjærgaard, Per Thorgaard, Egon Toft, and Steen Andreassen. A physiological model-based approach to medical decision support in the Intensive Care unit. Proceedings of the "Computers in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care: Knowledge-Based Information Management" workshop, help as part of the conferenece of the European Society of Artificial Intelligence in Medicene (AIME) 2001, Cascais, Portugal. pp 30-32.

24) C Allerød , S.E. Rees, Søren Kjærgaard, Egon Toft, Per Thorgaard, and Steen Andreassen. Simultaneous estimation of metabolic, pulmonary and haemodynamic parameters from routine clinical data. Proceeding of the 26th meeting of the scandanavian society of anaesthesiologists. Tromsø 2001, in press

25) S.E. Rees, S. Kjærgaard, P. Thorgaard, E. Toft and S. Andreassen. Estimating pulmonary gas exchange parameters in the clinical setting. Proceedings of the meeting of the Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia (SCATA), bornemouth April 2001.

26) Kjærgaard, Rees SE, Grønlund JS, Nielsen EM, Thorgaard P, Andreassen S. A method for monitoring of postoperative hypoxaemia. Proceedings of the European Society of Anaesthesiology, 2001.

27) Rees SE, Kjærgaard S, Thorgaard P, Toft E, Andreassen S. Non- Invasive Estimation of Pulmonary Gas Exchange parameters in 10-15 minutes. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of The European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 16(8): 616-617, 2000.

28) Kjærgaard, Grønlund, J., S., Rees, S.E., Nielsen, E.M., Jensen P.L. , Thorgaard, P., Alstrup, P., Andreassen S. Timecourse of hypoxaemia following coronary artery bypass surgery described by shunt and resistance to oxygen diffusion. In: the proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Scandinavian Association for Thoracic Surgery (SATS), Aalborg, Denmark. Aug 27, 1999. ISBN 87-90880-01-3.

29) Malczynski J., Korup E., Rees S.E., Andreassen S., Thorgaard P., Toft E. The lung alveolar- lung capillary oxygen pressure drop as a new measure of lung problems in left sided heart failure - a new approach to estimate cardial decompensation. Proceedings of the Nordic Congress in Cardiology, Reykjavik, 9th-11th June 1999.

30) Kjærgaard, S., Rees, S.E., Grønlund, J., Nielsen, J.A., Freundlich, M. , Thorgaard, P., Toft, E., Andreassen S. Using a mathematical model of oxygen transport to monitor pulmonary function following surgery. AIMDM’99 - Joint conference of European societies of Artificial Intelligance in Medicine and Medical Decision Making. Workshop, Computers in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 20-24th June 1999.

31) Kjærgaard S, Andreassen S., Rees S.E, Winter S.M, Morgan C.J, Alstup P, Toft E, Thorgaard P. Hypoxemia after coronary artery bypass surgery modeled by resistance to oxygen diffusion.. PGA/52. Postgraduate assembly in anesthesiology. New York. December 13, 1998

32) Kjærgaard S, Andreassen S., Rees S.E, Winter S.M, Morgan C.J, Alstup P, Toft E, Thorgaard P. Describing Pulmonary Dysfunction following surgery: A simple method. Presented at the 2und Symposium and Scientific Meeting of the Nordic Working Group in Intensive care Medicine, 25-25 April, 1998.

33) Andreassen S., Rees S., Kjærgaard S., Winter S.M., Morgan C.J., Andersen P.T. 1997. Patient specific modelling of hypoxaemia. In: Proceedings of the Mathematical Modelling in Medicine Conference at Roskilde University Center, Denmark, September 25-26, 1997.

34) Rees S.E., Andreassen S, Morgan C. J, Freundlich M, Carson E. 1997. Balancing oxygenation, acid/base status and lung damage in the ventilated patient - a decision theoretic approach. In: Proceedings of the Mathematical Modelling in Medicine Conference at Roskilde University Center, Denmark, September 25-26, 1997.

35) Rees S.E., Rutledge G. W, Andersen P. T, Andreassen S. 1997. Are Alveolar Block and Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch Distinguishable in Routine Clinical Data. . In: N.Lutter. Selected Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of The European Society for Computing and Technology in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing 14: 541-553, 1998.

36) Hovorka R., D.A. Cavan, R.H. Jones, H. De La Paz, S.E. Rees, F. Shojaee-Moradie, and A.M. Umpleby. Decomposition of two compartment model of glucose kinetics using 3-O-Methyl-Glucose. In proceedings of the 7th international IMEKO TC-13 conference on measurements in clinical medicine, eds. P.Kneppo and M.Tysloer, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, 1995, pp 15-17.

37) Rees S.E., G.F. Watts, E.R. Carson, D.G. Cramp, and P. H. Sönksen. "A Simplified Model of Reverse Cholesterol Transport". Clinical Science 1993; 85 (Suppl 29) 19p.

38) Rees S.E., E.R. Carson, D.G. Cramp, and G.F. Watts. "Decision Support for the Management of Lipid Disorders using Causal Probabilistic Networks: A Development Strategy". Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, Oct. 29-Nov 1,1992, pp 912-913.

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